Wednesday, June 13, 2007

真空播種機

真空播種機
生機三 B93611034 呂雨臻

紅豆是台灣重要的雜糧作物之一,,主要產區在高雄及屏東兩縣。台灣紅豆,色澤鮮紅、品質佳,極受消費者歡迎。惟生產成本高,因此如何降低生產成本,是目前急待解決的問題。

  高屏地區紅豆傳統栽培方式大多採用撒播,並配合豆類聯合收穫機收穫,以達到省工、降低生產成本之目的。但此種栽培方式,往往在撒播時播種量過高,以致植株生長茂密,使得病蟲害發生機率大增,增加防治上的困難,且亦造成植株成熟期落葉性不佳,影響收割作業或籽粒品質,並增加籽粒調製的成本。

  採用真空播種機要於播種前先整地2次,再以曳引機附掛真空播種機,一次完成開溝、作畦、播種等作業,。真空播種機一次播4行,畦寬60公分,溝寬30公分,每畦種2行,株距9公分,每穴播種1粒種子,每公頃種子量5公斤,約需1小時完成播種。

  在真空播種前需整地2次,雖較傳統撒播栽培多了整地費,但真空播種工時每公頃僅需1小時,比傳統的撒播需5個小時,提高了5倍的工作效率,且其種子播種量只需50公斤,較傳統的撒播量70公斤,可節省種子量;且作畦栽培管理操作上較方便。

  真空播種機設計原理之示意如圖3.1。真空播種機之設計原理為利用真空幫浦將播種鼓筒(Drum)內部之氣室抽成真空,而鼓筒上之種子吸附小孔,即能藉由直流馬達之帶動而旋轉,並以一定之頻度將種子振盪槽中之種子吸附。再以外吹管將吸附小孔上所吸附之多餘種子吹離而達到每孔吸附一粒種子之要求。而在該外吹管之對應位置處,則設有一防溢板,以避免被外吹管吹落之多餘種子散落各處。

  播種鼓筒以定位感應盤及近接開關作定位控制,將吸附之種子旋轉至穴盤(育苗箱)上方之設定點時,在內吹導管施以高壓空氣,破壞局部真空狀態,使種子脫離鼓筒而精確掉落至穴盤(即育苗箱)之穴格內,而完成點播之作業。

  本設計另外加裝振盪式種子槽,其目的在使種子槽中之種子在播種時因振盪作用而成浮懸狀態,提高單粒化程度,進而達到提高播種精度之目標。振盪式種子槽內裝設有氣動式振盪器、緩衝桿、及連桿組,緩衝桿可規範振幅並吸收過大之振盪、而連桿組則藉與種子槽底部連結,可使振盪均勻。振盪播種對非球狀種子之播種精度之提高最為有效。播種機之播種鼓筒上設置有五個軸向之插條,而各插條係為可更換式,以適用各類種子及穴盤之播種。


圖 3.1 真空播種機設計原理

用真空播種機撥種紅豆


  參考網址http://www.kdais.gov.tw/market/market99/market99.htm

http://www.ecaa.ntu.edu.tw/weifang/Hort/chap03.htm

8 comments:

best payday loans said...

Hi! Great set of details, it is indeed very informative. keep it up!

moderngreetings.com said...

About seeding and replanting is a great idea. Thanks for this suggestion.

gift tags said...

This is one of the biggest thing that all people need to remember that is to plant and plant and plant.

wedding essentials said...

Thought it's too late already, at least we can still help the earth by planting trees anywhere.

Christmas cards said...

If there's one thing that people must do nowadays, it will be planting more seeds so as to help the mother earth.

holiday greetings cards said...

Planting and seeding are very important things. We should therefore plant seed.

christmas party invitations said...

Our forests too need to be replanted at all times. We need not to forget that we need to replace some old trees.

Christmas Photo Books said...

I hope that people would take good care of what we do have now.